Freedom250

Jalons · Milestones · محطات

Crédits et sources

Chaque image de l’exposition, avec son auteur, sa collection et sa mention de crédit. Les mentions sont données en anglais, telles que fournies par leurs détenteurs.

I Reconnaissance initiale et premier traité

  1. 1795Joel Barlow, consul des États-Unis à Alger et à Tunis, 1795

    Robert Fulton (American, 1765–1815), Portrait of Joel Barlow, 1805
    Oil on canvas
    Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields · 64.30 · Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Eli Lilly

  2. 1797Tombeau de Hammouda Pacha Bey, signataire du traité de 1797

    Mounir Khelifa (Tunisian, 1951–), Untitled photo of grave of Hammouda Pacha Bey (1759–1814), Tourbet el Bey, Tunis
    Photograph
    Donation to project

  3. 1798William Eaton, consul des États-Unis à Tunis, 1798

    Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin (French, 1770–1852), William Eaton, 1808
    Engraving on paper
    National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution · S/NPG.74.39.9.21 · Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon

II Commerce, corsaires et liens consulaires

  1. 1800Emplacement du premier consulat des États-Unis à Tunis

    Mounir Khelifa (Tunisian, 1951–), Untitled photo of location of first U.S. Consulate in Tunis
    Photograph
    Donation to project

  2. 1801–1815Guerres barbaresques, 1801–1805 et 1815

    Edward Moran (American, 1829–1901), Burning of the Frigate Philadelphia in the Harbor of Tripoli, 1897
    Oil on canvas
    U.S. Naval Academy Museum Collection · Gift of Paul E. Sutro

  3. 1805Sidi Soliman Mellimelli à James Madison, 8 mars 1806

    Sidi Soliman Mellimelli (Tunisian, dates unknown), Sidi Soliman Mellimelli, Ambassador &c. to the Secretary of State, 1806 [March 8]
    Hand-written letter
    Tobias Lear Papers · University of Michigan, William L. Clements Library

  4. 1825–1841Tombe du consul Samuel D. Heap, église anglicane Saint-Georges

    Mounir Khelifa (Tunisian, 1951–), Untitled photo of grave of Samuel D. Heap, 2026 [May 2]
    Photograph
    Donation to project

  5. 1846Ahmed Ier Bey abolit l’esclavage en Tunisie

    Charles-Philippe Larivière (French, 1798–1876), Ahmed, Bey de Tunis (1806–1855), 1846
    Oil on canvas
    Musée national des châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon · MV 6643; INV 5710; LP 6962

  6. 1863Abraham Lincoln signe la Proclamation d’émancipation

    Alexander Gardner (American, 1821–1882), Abraham Lincoln, 1863 [taken Nov. 8; printed later, c1900]
    Photographic print
    Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division · PRES FILE – Lincoln, Abraham Portraits – Reserve Collection – No. 59

  7. 1865Muhammad III as-Sadiq Bey

    Louis-Augustin Simil (French), Portrait of His Highness The Mushir Mohammed Essadek, Bey of Tunis (Muhammad III as-Sadiq), 1865
    Oil on canvas
    The Diplomatic Reception Rooms, U.S. Department of State · RR-1981.0138 · on loan at the U.S. Ambassador’s Residence in Tunisia

  8. Transcription de la lettreLettre de Sidi Soliman Mellimelli à James Madison

    Tobias Lear Papers, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan
    English transcription after the Clements Library; French and Arabic translations by Krater Korp. The letter is dated 1807 in the hand; catalogued as 8 March 1806.

La période du protectorat français

  1. 18811881, occupation française de la Tunisie

    Charles-Nicolas Pellein (French, 1827–1887), Guerre de Tunisie. Combat du Djebbej-Haddedah – 26 avril 1881, 1881
    Lithograph print · Imagerie d’Épinal, no. 155
    Bibliothèque nationale de France, Department of Prints and Photography · FOL-LI-59 (10)

III La Seconde Guerre mondiale en Afrique du Nord

  1. 1941–1943L’amitié du consul Hooker Doolittle et de Habib Bourguiba

    Unknown photographer, Untitled photograph of Habib Bourguiba and Hooker Doolittle at Tunisian Independence, 1956 [20 March]
    Photograph
    Personal collection of Elena Prentice

  2. 1942Opération Torch : l’offensive terrestre alliée en Afrique du Nord

    Unknown photographer, Near Algiers, “Torch” troops hit the beaches behind a large American flag, 1942 [November 8]
    Photograph
    Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Public Domain Photographs · NAID 195516

  3. 1943Bataille du col de Kasserine

    McGray (American, dates unknown), S/Sgt. Garland Martin holds a personnel mine laid by the retreating German forces, 1943 [February 26]
    Photograph
    National Archives, RG 111 · NAID 276536968

  4. 1943Le président Roosevelt rencontre le général Eisenhower à Tunis

    Unknown photographer, President Franklin D. Roosevelt with Dwight D. Eisenhower aboard an airplane en route from North Africa to Sicily, 1943 [December 8]
    Photograph
    Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Public Domain Photographs · NAID 6728536

  5. 1948Cimetière et mémorial américain d’Afrique du Nord, Carthage

    MC2 Rosa Larson, U.S. Navy, Marine Corps color guard retiring the colors during a wreath-laying ceremony at the North Africa American Cemetery, 2006 [17 November]
    Photograph
    United States Navy

IV Indépendance et alignement pendant la guerre froide

  1. 1956Indépendance de la Tunisie

    Getty Images, French Foreign Minister Christian Pineau and Tunisian officials, 1956
    Photograph
    Getty Images 515487684 · licence required

  2. 1957USAID

    Getty Images, The U.S. Agency for International Development flag
    Photograph
    Getty Images 1973346369 · licence required

  3. 1961Le président Kennedy et le président Bourguiba

    Robert L. Knudsen (American, 1929–1989), Arrival Ceremonies for Habib Bourguiba Sr., President of Tunisia, and his wife Moufida Bourguiba, 1962 [3 May]
    Photograph
    John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum · KN-C17704

  4. 1961–1996Peace Corps

    Robert L. Knudsen (American, 1929–1989), President John F. Kennedy Speaks to Peace Corps Trainees, 1962 [9 August]
    Photograph
    John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum · KN-C23179

  5. 1967Louis Armstrong à Carthage, 31 juillet 1967

    Unknown designer, Advertisement for the Louis Armstrong concert at the 4th International Festival of Carthage, 1967 [30 July]
    Newspaper page · La Presse, p. 3
    La Presse, July 30, 1967

  6. 1969Le président Nixon et le président Bourguiba

    Oliver Atkins (American, 1917–1977), President Nixon, Habib Bourguiba, 1969 [1 April]
    Photograph slide
    Richard Nixon Library and Museum · WHPO-0673-02-05

  7. 1970Défilé des astronautes d’Apollo XII sur l’avenue Bourguiba

    Unknown photographer, Une marée humaine en liesse accueille les 3 hommes de la Lune, 1970 [5 March]
    Photograph, pp. 4–5 of “Les astronautes d’Apollo XII à Tunis”
    American Cultural Center in Tunis

  8. 1972Inauguration de l’aéroport de Tunis-Carthage, 1er août 1972

    Unknown photographer, Président Bourguiba a été le premier passager de la nouvelle aérogare de Tunis-Carthage, 1972 [2 August]
    Newspaper front page
    La Presse, 2 August 1972

  9. 1976Star Wars, décor de Mos Espa, Ong Jmel

    Anonymous photographer, Untitled photo of Mos Espa set, 2014 [March 20]
    Photograph
    Donation to project

V Stabilité et priorité à la sécurité

  1. 1996Michael Jackson à Tunis, 7 octobre 1996

    DPA, Michael Jackson, 1996 [7 October]
    Photograph
    DPA via Alamy · licence required

  2. 2015Allié majeur non membre de l’OTAN – Federal Register

    Office of the Federal Register, Presidential Determination No. 2015-09: Designation of the Republic of Tunisia as a Major Non-NATO Ally, 2015 [10 July]
    Federal Register Vol. 80, No. 141
    National Archives and Records Administration

  3. 2017African Lion 2024

    Cpl. Genesis Miranda, U.S. Army, Brig. Gen. John LeBlanc tours with Tunisian counterparts at the opening of African Lion 2024, El Aouina Air Base, 2024 [29 April]
    Photograph
    United States Army

L’art de la diplomatie : deux portraits, une amitié

  1. Muhammad III as-Sadiq Bey

    Louis-Augustin Simil (French), Portrait of His Highness The Mushir Mohammed Essadek, Bey of Tunis (Muhammad III as-Sadiq), 1865
    Oil on canvas · 85.75 × 56 in (canvas)
    The Diplomatic Reception Rooms, U.S. Department of State · RR-1981.0138 · on loan at the U.S. Ambassador’s Residence in Tunisia

  2. George Washington

    John Woodhouse Audubon (American, 1812–1862), George Washington, 1838
    Oil on canvas · 97.5 × 62.5 in (approx.)
    National Heritage Collection, Ksar Said Palace

Polices de caractères

Cormorant Garamond, Source Sans 3 et Amiri, sous licence SIL Open Font License.