Credits & sources

I Early Recognition and First Treaty

1. 
   1795Joel Barlow, U.S. Consul to Algiers and Tunis, 1795

   Robert Fulton (American, 1765–1815), Portrait of Joel Barlow, 1805
   Oil on canvas
   Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields · 64.30 · Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Eli Lilly

2. 
   1797Tomb of Hammouda Pacha Bey, signatory of the 1797 Treaty

   Mounir Khelifa (Tunisian, 1951–), Untitled photo of grave of Hammouda Pacha Bey (1759–1814), Tourbet el Bey, Tunis
   Photograph
   Donation to project

3. 
   1798William Eaton, U.S. Consul to Tunis, 1798

   Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin (French, 1770–1852), William Eaton, 1808
   Engraving on paper
   National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution · S/NPG.74.39.9.21 · Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon

II Trade, Corsairs, and Consular Ties

1. 
   1800Location of the first U.S. Consulate in Tunis

   Mounir Khelifa (Tunisian, 1951–), Untitled photo of location of first U.S. Consulate in Tunis
   Photograph
   Donation to project

2. 
   1801–1815Barbary Wars, 1801–1805 and 1815

   Edward Moran (American, 1829–1901), Burning of the Frigate Philadelphia in the Harbor of Tripoli, 1897
   Oil on canvas
   U.S. Naval Academy Museum Collection · Gift of Paul E. Sutro

3. 
   1805Sidi Soliman Mellimelli to James Madison, March 8, 1806

   Sidi Soliman Mellimelli (Tunisian, dates unknown), Sidi Soliman Mellimelli, Ambassador &c. to the Secretary of State, 1806 [March 8]
   Hand-written letter
   Tobias Lear Papers · University of Michigan, William L. Clements Library

4. 
   1825–1841Grave of U.S. Consul Samuel D. Heap, St. George Anglican Church

   Mounir Khelifa (Tunisian, 1951–), Untitled photo of grave of Samuel D. Heap, 2026 [May 2]
   Photograph
   Donation to project

5. 
   1846Ahmed I Bey abolishes slavery in Tunisia

   Charles-Philippe Larivière (French, 1798–1876), Ahmed, Bey de Tunis (1806–1855), 1846
   Oil on canvas
   Musée national des châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon · MV 6643; INV 5710; LP 6962

6. 
   1863Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation

   Alexander Gardner (American, 1821–1882), Abraham Lincoln, 1863 [taken Nov. 8; printed later, c1900]
   Photographic print
   Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division · PRES FILE – Lincoln, Abraham Portraits – Reserve Collection – No. 59

7. 
   1865Muhammad III as-Sadiq Bey

   Louis-Augustin Simil (French), Portrait of His Highness The Mushir Mohammed Essadek, Bey of Tunis (Muhammad III as-Sadiq), 1865
   Oil on canvas
   The Diplomatic Reception Rooms, U.S. Department of State · RR-1981.0138 · on loan at the U.S. Ambassador’s Residence in Tunisia

8. 
   Letter transcriptionSidi Soliman Mellimelli to James Madison

   Tobias Lear Papers, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan
   English transcription after the Clements Library; French and Arabic translations by Krater Korp. The letter is dated 1807 in the hand; catalogued as 8 March 1806.

French Protectorate Period

1. 
   18811881, French occupation of Tunisia

   Charles-Nicolas Pellein (French, 1827–1887), Guerre de Tunisie. Combat du Djebbej-Haddedah – 26 avril 1881, 1881
   Lithograph print · Imagerie d’Épinal, no. 155
   Bibliothèque nationale de France, Department of Prints and Photography · FOL-LI-59 (10)

III World War II in North Africa

1. 
   1941–1943U.S. Consul Hooker Doolittle’s friendship with Habib Bourguiba

   Unknown photographer, Untitled photograph of Habib Bourguiba and Hooker Doolittle at Tunisian Independence, 1956 [20 March]
   Photograph
   Personal collection of Elena Prentice

2. 
   1942Operation Torch: Allied ground action in North Africa

   Unknown photographer, Near Algiers, “Torch” troops hit the beaches behind a large American flag, 1942 [November 8]
   Photograph
   Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Public Domain Photographs · NAID 195516

3. 
   1943Battle of Kasserine Pass

   McGray (American, dates unknown), S/Sgt. Garland Martin holds a personnel mine laid by the retreating German forces, 1943 [February 26]
   Photograph
   National Archives, RG 111 · NAID 276536968

4. 
   1943President Roosevelt meets General Eisenhower in Tunis

   Unknown photographer, President Franklin D. Roosevelt with Dwight D. Eisenhower aboard an airplane en route from North Africa to Sicily, 1943 [December 8]
   Photograph
   Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Public Domain Photographs · NAID 6728536

5. 
   1948North Africa American Cemetery and Memorial, Carthage

   MC2 Rosa Larson, U.S. Navy, Marine Corps color guard retiring the colors during a wreath-laying ceremony at the North Africa American Cemetery, 2006 [17 November]
   Photograph
   United States Navy

IV Independence and Cold War Alignment

1. 
   1956Tunisian Independence

   Getty Images, French Foreign Minister Christian Pineau and Tunisian officials, 1956
   Photograph
   Getty Images 515487684 · licence required

2. 
   1957USAID

   Getty Images, The U.S. Agency for International Development flag
   Photograph
   Getty Images 1973346369 · licence required

3. 
   1961President Kennedy & President Bourguiba

   Robert L. Knudsen (American, 1929–1989), Arrival Ceremonies for Habib Bourguiba Sr., President of Tunisia, and his wife Moufida Bourguiba, 1962 [3 May]
   Photograph
   John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum · KN-C17704

4. 
   1961–1996Peace Corps

   Robert L. Knudsen (American, 1929–1989), President John F. Kennedy Speaks to Peace Corps Trainees, 1962 [9 August]
   Photograph
   John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum · KN-C23179

5. 
   1967Louis Armstrong at Carthage, 31 July 1967

   Unknown designer, Advertisement for the Louis Armstrong concert at the 4th International Festival of Carthage, 1967 [30 July]
   Newspaper page · La Presse, p. 3
   La Presse, July 30, 1967

6. 
   1969President Nixon and President Bourguiba

   Oliver Atkins (American, 1917–1977), President Nixon, Habib Bourguiba, 1969 [1 April]
   Photograph slide
   Richard Nixon Library and Museum · WHPO-0673-02-05

7. 
   1970Apollo XII astronauts parade on Avenue Bourguiba

   Unknown photographer, Une marée humaine en liesse accueille les 3 hommes de la Lune, 1970 [5 March]
   Photograph, pp. 4–5 of “Les astronautes d’Apollo XII à Tunis”
   American Cultural Center in Tunis

8. 
   1972Opening of Carthage International, August 1, 1972

   Unknown photographer, Président Bourguiba a été le premier passager de la nouvelle aérogare de Tunis-Carthage, 1972 [2 August]
   Newspaper front page
   La Presse, 2 August 1972

9. 
   1976Star Wars, Mos Espa set, Ong Jmel

   Anonymous photographer, Untitled photo of Mos Espa set, 2014 [March 20]
   Photograph
   Donation to project

V Stability and Security Focus

1. 
   1996Michael Jackson in Tunis, 7 October 1996

   DPA, Michael Jackson, 1996 [7 October]
   Photograph
   DPA via Alamy · licence required

2. 
   2015Major Non-NATO Ally – Federal Register

   Office of the Federal Register, Presidential Determination No. 2015-09: Designation of the Republic of Tunisia as a Major Non-NATO Ally, 2015 [10 July]
   Federal Register Vol. 80, No. 141
   National Archives and Records Administration

3. 
   2017African Lion 2024

   Cpl. Genesis Miranda, U.S. Army, Brig. Gen. John LeBlanc tours with Tunisian counterparts at the opening of African Lion 2024, El Aouina Air Base, 2024 [29 April]
   Photograph
   United States Army

The Art of Diplomacy: Two Portraits, One Friendship

1. 
   Muhammad III as-Sadiq Bey

   Louis-Augustin Simil (French), Portrait of His Highness The Mushir Mohammed Essadek, Bey of Tunis (Muhammad III as-Sadiq), 1865
   Oil on canvas · 85.75 × 56 in (canvas)
   The Diplomatic Reception Rooms, U.S. Department of State · RR-1981.0138 · on loan at the U.S. Ambassador’s Residence in Tunisia

2. 
   George Washington

   John Woodhouse Audubon (American, 1812–1862), George Washington, 1838
   Oil on canvas · 97.5 × 62.5 in (approx.)
   National Heritage Collection, Ksar Said Palace

Typefaces

Cormorant Garamond, Source Sans 3 and Amiri, under the SIL Open Font License.